True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
|
|
| 1. | One
joule is one newton metre squared per second squared.
|
|
| 2. | The
force constant of a spring can be said to measure the “stiffness” of the
spring.
|
|
| 3. | Two
boxes are being moved on level terrain, one on Earth, the other on the Moon. If the displacement and
coefficient of kinetic friction are the same, then the thermal energy produced by the kinetic
friction would also be the same.
|
|
| 4. | Impulse and momentum are the same quantity because their base SI units are
equivalent.
|
|
| 5. | Two
figure skaters, initially stationary, push away from each other. Just after this interaction, the
total momentum of this system is zero.
|
|
| 6. | The
only type of collision in which momentum is not conserved is a completely inelastic
collision.
|
|
| 7. | The
gravitational field strength at a location in the Sun’s gravitational field is inversely
proportional to the distance between that location and the Sun’s centre.
|
|
| 8. | The
work done by the force of Earth’s gravity acting on a satellite in circular motion around Earth
is positive because the satellite is always accelerating toward Earth.
|
|
| 9. | In
the heliocentric model, Earth is at the centre of the universe and all other celestial bodies revolve
around it.
|
|
| 10. | The
Sun is located at the centre of a planet’s orbit.
|
|
| 11. | The
speed of a satellite in elliptical orbit around Earth is independent of the satellite’s position
in its orbit.
|
|
| 12. | A
black hole has an extremely strong magnetic field.
|
|
| 13. | A
black hole is a celestial body with an escape speed equal to or greater than the speed of
light.
|
|
| 14. | X
rays and gamma rays can escape from a black hole, even though visible light cannot.
|
Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
| 15. | If you were
to climb a ladder that was your height, the work you would do against the force of gravity is
approximately a. | 101
J | b. | 102
J | c. | 103
J | d. | 104
J | e. | 105
J | | |
|
|
|
For
questions 16 to 18, refer to Figure 1, in which a toboggan is pulled up a hill of length
L at a constant velocity.
Figure 1
|
|
| 16. | The
magnitude of the normal force of the hillside acting on the toboggan is a. | mg cos
b | b. | FA
sin f | c. | mg cos b  FA sin
f | d. | mg cos
b + FA
sin f | e. |  (mg cos b + FA
sin f) | | |
|
|
| 17. | The
magnitude of the applied force  A
is a. | | b. | | c. | | d. | FK + FN | e. | FK
+ FN  mg | | |
|
|
| 18. | The work
done by the applied force in moving the toboggan the length of the hill, L,
is a. | FAL | b. | FKL | c. | (FA
 FK)L | d. | | e. | none of these | | |
|
|
| 19. | A
satellite in a circular orbit of radius r around Mars experiences a force of gravity of
magnitude F exerted by Mars. The work done by this force on the satelliete as it travels
halfway around its orbit is a. | 2F | d. | F | b. | | e. | zero | c. | Fr | | | | |
|
|
| 20. | A motorcycle
of mass of m, with a driver of mass  , is travelling at speed
v. Later, it is travelling with the same driver, as well as a passenger of mass  , at a speed 0.80v. The motorcycle’s new kinetic energy is a. | equal to the initial
kinetic energy | b. | greater than the initial kinetic energy by a factor of
0.75 | c. | less than the initial
kinetic energy by a factor of 0.75 | d. | greater than the initial kinetic energy by a factor of
1.3 | e. | less than the initial
kinetic energy by a factor of 1.3 | | |
|
|
| 21. | Three stones
are thrown with identical initial speeds from the top of a cliff into the water below (Figure
2). Air resistance is negligible. The speeds with which stones 1, 2, and 3 strike the water
are
 Figure 2
a. | v1 =
v3 > v2 | b. | v2
> v1 = v3 | c. | v1
> v2 > v3 | d. | v3
> v2 > v1 | e. | v1 =
v2 = v3 | | |
|
|
| 22. | The contact
times in collisions between a baseball and a baseball bat are typically a few a. | seconds | b. | nanoseconds | c. | microseconds | d. | milliseconds | e. | kiloseconds | | |
|
|
| 23. | A billiard
ball, moving with speed v, collides head-on with a stationary ball of the same mass. After the
collision, the billiard ball that was initially moving is at rest. The speed of the other ball in
terms of v is
|
|
|
Questions 24 to 26 relate to Figure 3.
Figure 3
This graph shows
the kinetic energy given to three rockets (F, G, and H) of equal mass as they are launched from
Earth's surface.
|
|
| 24. | If the
escape speeds of the rockets are vF, vG, and
vH, then a. | vF = vG =
vH | b. | vF > vG >
vH | c. | vF < vG <
vH | d. | vF = vG, but vH
has no defined escape speed | e. | the speeds cannot be compared with the information
given | | |
|
|
| 25. | In the
situation of Figure 3, which of the following statements is true? a. | H will rise to an
altitude of 2rE above Earth’s surface and remain
there. | b. | F and G will escape and have zero speed after
escaping. | c. | Only F will escape, but it will have zero speed after
escaping. | d. | Only F will escape and it will have a nonzero speed after
escaping. | e. | none of these | | |
|
|
| 26. | If the
escape energies of the rockets are EF, EG, and
EH, then a. | EF = EG =
EH | b. | EF > EG >
EH | c. | EF < EG <
EH | d. | EF = EG, but EH
has no defined escape energy | e. | the energies cannot be compared with the information
given | | |
|
|
| 27. | If the
distance between a spacecraft and Jupiter increases by a factor of 4, the magnitude of Jupiter’s
gravitational field at the position of the spacecraft a. | increases by a factor
of 4 | b. | decreases by a factor
of 4 | c. | increases by a factor
of 16 | d. | decreases by a factor of 16 | e. | decreases by a factor
of 2 | | |
|
|
| 28. | If the
Sun’s mass were 8 times its current value, and Earth’s period of revolution around the Sun
retained its current value, then the average distance from Earth to the Sun, in terms of its current
value, r, would be a. | 8r | b. | | c. | | d. | 2r | e. | none of these | | |
|
Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
|
| | 29. | ______
first used a telescope to observe the moons of a distant planet.
|
| | 30. | ______
first proposed that the orbits of planets are ellipses.
|
| | 31. | The SI unit
of energy is named after ______ .
|
| | 32. | ______
provided the data used to derive the laws of planetary motion.
|
| | 33. | ______
first analyzed the relationship between the force applied to a spring and the spring’s stretch
or compression.
|
| | 34. | The radius
of a black hole is named after ______ .
|
| | 35. | The area
under a force-displacement graph represents ______ .
|
| | 36. | The slope of
a line on a force-stretch graph represents ______ .
|
| | 37. | The area
under the line on a force-time graph represents ______ .
|
| | 38. | The slope of
a line on a momentum-time graph represents ______ .
|
| | 39. | The area
under the line on a kinetic friction-displacement graph represents ______ .
|
| | 40. | The slope of
the line on a graph of r3 versus T2, for a satellite in orbit
around Earth, represents ______ .
|
| | 41. | A collision
in which the two objects stick together is called a(n) ______ collision.
|
| | 42. | In an
elastic collision, the total kinetic energy after the collision ______ the total kinetic
energy before the collision.
|
| | 43. | A collision
in which the decrease in kinetic energy is the maximum possible is called a(n) _______
.
|
| | 44. | The
eccentricity of a circle is ______ .
|
| | 45. | At the
centre of a black hole is a region called ______ .
|
| | 46. | The distance
from the centre of this region to the event horizon is called the ______ .
|
|
|
Figure 4(a) represents the motion of a truck with positions separated by equal
time intervals of 5.0 s.
Figure 4
Choose the graph in Figure 4(b) that best
represents:
|
| | 47. | the
truck’s momentum
|
| | 48. | the
truck’s kinetic energy
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match the
letter of the following mathematical relationships with the quantity that it best
defines. a. | | h. | | b. | | i. | (F cos  ) d | c. | | j. | FK d | d. | | k. |  kx2 | e. | | l. | ±kx | f. | | m. | | g. |  =  | | | | |
|
|
| 49. | impulse
|
|
| 50. | law
of conservation of momentum
|
|
| 51. | kinetic energy
|
|
| 52. | thermal energy
|
|
| 53. | elastic potential energy
|
|
| 54. | escape speed
|
|
| 55. | gravitational potential energy
|
|
| 56. | Kepler’s third-law constant
|
|
| 57. | frequency of a mass-spring system in SHM
|